Enteral Nutrition Basics Enteral nutrition is also called tube feeding because the delivery of nutrients occurs via a small polyurethane or silicone tube.
A nasogastric NG tube is placed into the stomach through the nose, or a gastric G tube is inserted surgically into the abdomen. Enteral feeding products typically look like canned milk shakes, but they are a specialized type of liquid food that contains proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and more in amounts that a person needs to survive and thrive.
This may be from to milliliters 1 to 2 cups three to five times per day, depending on caloric and fluid needs. When high-calorie or high-protein formulas are used or feedings are delivered into the small intestine jejunum or duodenum instead of the stomach, an infusion pump may be necessary to prevent complications such as diarrhea. A pump allows the feeding to be infused as a slow, controlled drip that can be administered over a hour period, if needed, or over a period of eight to 10 hours while a patient sleeps.
Health professionals working with a patient prescribed enteral feeding need to coordinate with the patient at home or the nurse and dietitian in an institutional setting to plan feeds around activities such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy sessions.
If your loved one is unable to swallow or digest food normally, these nutritional regimens may be necessary. Enteral feeding refers to liquid nutrition processed by the gastrointestinal tract. Individuals who are prescribed enteral feeding consume their meals through a tube that connects to their stomach or small intestine.
Parenteral feeding refers to liquid nutrition processed by the veins. Some people undergo parenteral feeding while recovering from surgery or other medical procedures, while others require it long-term.
Enteral nutrition reduces the risk of malnourishment, or a lack of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients. See our enteral feeding formulas or speak with our helpful customer service Parenteral nutrition is like enteral nutrition in that it helps prevent malnourishment. Parenteral feeding administers sugar, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and other nutrients through a needle and into a vein. These nutrients ensure your loved one receives the energy and hydration they need to thrive.
Enteral and parenteral feeding fall into several sub-categories. Nasogastric tube NGT. A nasogastric tube is inserted through a nostril and into the stomach. Orogastric tube OGT. An orogastric tube is inserted through the mouth and into the stomach. Nasoenteric tube. A nasoenteric tube is inserted through a nostril and into the intestines. There are two subtypes of nasoenteric tubes, including nasojejunal tubes and nasoduodenal tubes.
These tubes are run into a specific part of the intestine, either either the jejunum or duodenum. On the pther hand, parenteral feeding refers to the method of getting nutrition into the body through veins.
The routes of enteral feeding include oral, sublingual, and rectal, while the main route of parenteral feeding is intravenous routes. Enteral feeding uses the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines, but parenteral feeding either uses a central or peripheral vein. Enteral feeding uses a feeding tube, while parenteral feeding uses a catheter. Enteral feeding is more physiological, simpler, cheaper and less complicated, but parenteral feeding is a less physiological, complex, comparatively expensive, and a more complicated process.
Enteral feeding has fewer complications, but parenteral feeding has more complications. Enteral feeding is the method of delivering nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract via a feeding tube. It is given to patients with eating and digesting problems. In this method, the main routes of delivery include oral, sublingual, and rectal. And, the organs involved in this method of feeding are the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Thrombosis blood clot of a blood vessel around an intravenous catheter is another potential complication with intravenous therapy as well as intravenous nutrition.
Many factors play a part in the clotting of a vessel and different institutions may have special protocols for both prevention and treatment. Home parenteral nutrition HPN requires a team of clinicians to successfully manage and minimize the associated complications as discussed above.
Home parenteral nutrition may be performed for many conditions as a short-term therapy or as a long-term therapy.
As the parenteral nutrition formula is being adjusted in preparation for discharge from the hospital, the patient and caregiver will receive education on catheter care, operation of the infusion pump, parenteral nutrition set-up and disconnect procedures, maintenance of intake and output records, review of metabolic complications, and contact numbers for associated problems that may arise. All patients are monitored closely for electrolyte disturbances with routine blood draws to assure stability on HPN formula and clinic visits.
If a patient needs readmission to the hospital, the nutrition support team and home nutritional support clinician will often work with the hospital team to provide continuity of care. There are many individuals who continue to work and have very full and productive lives while receiving parenteral nutrition.
The main determinant will be the degree of disease that caused the underlying GI problem, as well as symptoms the patient is experiencing. Each person needs to be assessed individually as to their wishes and overall medical condition to determine if they are well enough to work. Oley Foundation — The Oley Foundation is a national, independent, non-profit c 3 organization that provides information and psycho-social support to consumers of home parenteral IV and enteral tube-fed nutrition homePEN , helping them live fuller, richer lives.
The Foundation also serves as a resource for consumers' families, homePEN clinicians and industry representatives, and other interested parties. ASPEN — American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition — ASPEN is a national organization composed of nutrition professionals including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dietitians and members of industry who are dedicated to improve patient care by advancing the science and practice of clinical nutrition.
Donald F. Digestive Health Topics A-Z. Basics Print. Advancing gastroenterology, improving patient care. May be difficult to position; smaller size tubes may make administration of some medications difficult, and an infusion pump is needed. Easily cared for and replaceable; large size tube allows for bolus feeding, and administration of medications.
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