Mutation examples and how they happen. Photo 2. Dwarf spruce with a branch reverting to the original non-dwarf state. Photo 3. Fruit mutations found in a supermarket produce section. Striping on Gala apple A, left and a red pear A, right.
Rind thickness change on orange B and C. Arrows indicate the area of rind thickening on the oranges B and C. Did you find this article useful? Please tell us why Submit. Haul manure? Learn More. Other Articles in this Series. What is evapotranspiration and why it matters. Plant identification? Planting garden center flowers is good for bees and other beneficial insects. Phytotoxicity: When an application appears to do more harm than good.
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Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today. More about Biology Flowers Genetics Rose flower. Already subscribed? There are many ways this will show. You may notice coloured flecks in a white flower, or a perennial with single flowers might develop a stem that holds a double flower.
Mutation can also cause a change in foliage colour or fruit appearance. Reversion is a form of plant mutation. Generally, you may only notice one or two mutations on a plant, for example, there might be just one different coloured flower on a plant.
Usually the plant will revert back to its original form the following year. Most mutations are random and are a result of a change within the cells of the plant, but mutations can sometimes be triggered by cold weather, temperature fluctuations or insect damage. Sometimes the mutation is unnoticeable because the characteristics are not passed on from the cell where they occurred, but if the mutation occurs at the growing point, entire shoots can be affected as that cell multiplies and gives rise to whole cell lines.
The term chimera is used when genetically distinct tissues co-exist within the same plant or parts of a plant. For instance, some plants, such as chrysanthemums, roses and dahlias are prone to producing chimeral flowers, where the flowers have sectors of different colours, and chimeras are the usual basis for variegated plants.
Generally, genetic mutations are not a problem, and can be pruned out if undesirable; however, many sports will die out or revert back to their original form of their own accord. Some sports are stable and may be of interest to nurseries who actively seek out new plants.
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